Guide to Host Strains

VB UltraStable

Highlights

  • Superior for cloning vectors containing repeats and unstable fragments, such as lentiviral, retroviral and AAV vectors.
  • Lacks ability to undergo homologous recombination due to the recA mutation.
  • High transformation efficiency (> 1x109 cfu/ug) and available for both chemical transformation and electroporation. Ideal for library cloning.
  • Compatible with Gateway Cloning because it lacks the ccdAB operon.
  • T1 phage resistant due to the fhuA mutation.
  • Can produce high quality plasmid DNA due to the endA mutation (plasmids won’t be digested by endonuclease).
  • Can be used for blue/white screening because it expresses the omega-fragment of the LacZ gene.

Genotype

F’[∆ccdAB proAB+ lacIq lacZ∆M15 zzf::Tn10 (TetR)] recA1 endA1 fhuA mcrA ∆(mrr-hsdRMS-mcrBC) Φ80dlacZ∆M15 ∆(ara, leu)7697 araD139 ∆lacX74 galK16 galE15 e14- relA1 nupG rpsL (StrR) rph spoT1

Antibiotic resistance

Streptomycin, Tetracycline

Strain origin

E. coli K-12

Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404

Highlights

  • A widely-used Agrobacterium strain used to efficiently transform various plant species, including Arabidopsis, tobacco, and Jatropha curcas.
  • Can be used with T-DNA binary vectors for experiments in which custom DNA is inserted into the host genome.

Genotype

The A. tumefaciens genome contains four replicons: a circular chromosome (2.84 Mb, RifR), a linear chromosome (2.07 Mb), the pAT plasmid (0.54 Mb), and the disarmed Ti plasmid pAL4404 (StrR).

Antibiotic resistance

Streptomycin, Rifampicin

Strain origin

A. tumefaciens Ach5

BL21

Highlights

  • A widely-used strain ideal for transformation and recombinant protein expression.
  • Suitable for non-T7 expression due to its T7 RNA polymerase deficiency.
  • Resistant to T1 phage due to the fhuA mutation.
  • Protease deficient and exhibits low acetate production when grown on high glucose.
  • Can be used with cold-shock induced vectors such as pCS for bacterial protein expression.

Genotype

F-  fhuA2 ompgal dcm lon hsdSB(rB- mB-) [malB+]K-12S)

Antibiotic resistance

None

Strain origin

E. coli B

BL21 (DE3)

Highlights

  • A widely-used E. coli strain ideal for transformation and recombinant protein expression.
  • Contains the λDE3 lysogen, which carries a lacUV5 driven T7 RNA polymerase gene. T7 promoter driven genes require IPTG induction for maximum expression.
  • Suitable for T7, T7-lac, or other E. coli promoters such as lac, tac, trc, and T5 as well as pET vectors.
  • Protease deficient and exhibits low acetate production when grown on high glucose.

Genotype

F-  fhuA2 ompgal dcm lon hsdSB(rB- mB-)λ(DE3 [laclacUV5-T7p07 indsamnin5]) [malB+]K-12S)

Antibiotic resistance

None

Strain origin

E. coli B

ccdB Survival 2 T1R

Highlights

  • Suitable for propagating plasmids that contain the ccdB gene.
  • Compatible with the Gateway® system to propagate Gateway® destination, donor, and supercoiled entry vectors.
  • A TOP10 derivative that can be efficiently transformed with methylated DNA as well as unmethylated DNA such as PCR product and cDNA.

Genotype

F  mcrA Δ(mrr-hsdRMS-mcrBC) Φ80lacM15 ΔlacX74 recA1 araΔ139 Δ(ara, leu)7697 galgalrpsL(StrRendA1 nupfhuA::IS2

Antibiotic resistance

Streptomycin

Strain origin

E. coli K-12

DB3.1

Highlights

  • Suitable for propagating plasmids that contain the ccdB gene.
  • A recA-mutated line that is suitable for cloning DNA containing direct repeats, e.g. in lentiviral, retroviral, and AAV vectors.
  • Compatible with the Gateway® system to propagate Gateway® destination, donor, and supercoiled entry vectors.
  • An HB101 derivative that can be efficiently transformed with methylated DNA as well as unmethylated DNA such as PCR product and cDNA.

Genotype

F  λ- gyrA462 araC14 leuB6 Δ(gpt-proA)62 lacY1 glnX44 galK2 recA13 rpsL20(StrR) xylA5 mtl-1 thi-1 hsdS20(rB- mB-) Δ(mrr-hsdRMS-mcrBC)

Antibiotic resistance

Streptomycin

Strain origin

E. coli HB101 (a K-12 and E. coli B hybrid)

DH5alpha

Highlights

  • A versatile strain that is ideal for routine cloning.
  • Efficient transformation with unmethylated DNA such as PCR product and cDNA.

Genotype

F  λ- Δ(argF lac)169 Φ80dlacZΔM15 phoA glnV44 gyrA96 recA1 endA1 thi-1 hsdR17(rK - mK+)

Antibiotic resistance

None

Strain origin

E. coli K-12

DH10B

Highlights

  • Ideal for cloning large plasmids and BACs.
  • Efficient transformation with methylated DNA as well as unmethylated DNA such as PCR product and cDNA.
  • High competence due to its galE15 mutation.

Genotype

F  λ- Δ(ara-leu)7697 araD139 ΔlacX74 duplication(514341-627601) galK16 galE15 e14-(mcrmcrA-) Φ80dlacZΔM15 recA1 relA1 endA1 Tn10.10 nupG rpsL(StrR) rph spoT1 Δ(mrr-hsdRMS-mcrBC)

Antibiotic resistance

Streptomycin

Strain origin

E. coli K-12

DH10Bac

Highlights

  • Can be used to produce recombinant bacmids.
  • Harbors a helper plasmid and baculovirus shuttle vector containing antibiotic resistance genes for bacmid selection and maintenance.

Genotype

F  λ- Δ(ara-leu)7697 araD139 ΔlacX74 duplication(514341-627601) galK16 galE15 e14-(mcrA-) Φ80dlacZΔM15 recA1 relA1 endA1 Tn10.10 nupG
rpsL(StrR) rph spoT1 Δ(mrr-hsdRMS-mcrBC) bMON14272(KanR) pMON7124(TetR)

Antibiotic resistance

Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Tetracycline

Strain origin

E. coli K-12

MDS42

Highlights

  • Can be used to propagate plasmids containing direct repeats, e.g. lentiviral, retroviral, and AAV vectors.
  • Capable of cloning and expressing “deleterious” genes.
  • Accurate plasmid replication due to removal of mobile DNA elements, e.g. insertion (IS) elements.
  • Resistant to T1 phage due to the fhuA mutation.
  • Isolated plasmid DNA is free of Endonuclease I due to the removal of the i endA gene.

Genotype

MG1655 fhuACDB(del) endA(del) + deletion of 699 additional genes, including all IS elements and cryptic prophages

Antibiotic resistance

None

Strain origin

E. coli K-12

MDS42 recA

Highlights

  • Can be used to propagate plasmids containing direct repeats, e.g. lentiviral, retroviral, and AAV vectors.
  • Capable of cloning and expressing “deleterious” genes.
  • Accurate plasmid replication due to removal of mobile DNA elements, e.g. insertion (IS) elements.
  • Resistant to T1 phage due to the fhuA mutation.
  • Isolated plasmid DNA is free of Endonuclease I due to the removal of the i endA gene.

Genotype

MG1655 ΔrecA fhuACDB(del) endA(del) + deletion of 699 additional genes, including all IS elements and cryptic prophages

Antibiotic resistance

None

Strain origin

E. coli K-12

NEB Stable

Highlights

  • High transformation efficiency (up to 3 x 109 cfu/ug).
  • Can be used to propagate plasmids containing direct repeats, e.g. lentiviral, retroviral, and AAV vectors.
  • Accurate plasmid replication due to removal of mobile DNA elements, e.g. insertion (IS) elements.
  • Resistant to T1 phage due to the fhuA mutation.
  • Isolated plasmid DNA is free of Endonuclease I due to the removal of the i endA gene.
  • Can be used for blue/white screening with vectors capable of alpha-complementation.

Genotype

F’[proAB+ lacIq lacZ∆M15 zzf::Tn10(TeR)] ∆(ara, leu)7697 araD139 fhuA ∆lacX74 galK16 galE15 e14-(mcrA-) Φ80dlacZ∆M15 recA1 relA1 endA1 nupG rpsL(StrR) rph spoT1 ∆(mrr-hsdRMS-mcrBC)

Antibiotic resistance

Streptomycin, Tetracycline

Strain origin

E. coli K-12

P. pastoris X-33

Highlights

  • A yeast strain used to express and recover recombinant proteins.
  • High protein yields because of P. pastoris’s high biomass and efficient protein folding and secretion signals.
  • Can be used with commercially available expression systems, e.g. pPP.
  • Selection of Zeocin-resistant expression vector.

Genotype

wildtype

Antibiotic resistance

None

Strain origin

P. pastoris

S. cerevisiae INVSc1

Highlights

  • A fast-growing diploid yeast strain used to express recombinant proteins.
  • Commonly used with yeast expression vectors such as pYIP, pYCP, and pYEP.
  • Capable of auxotrophic selection using histidine-, leucine-, tryptophan-, and uracil-deficient media.

Genotype

MATa his3Δ1 leu2 trp1-289 ura3-52/MATa his3Δ1 leu2 trp1-289 ura3-52

Antibiotic resistance

None

Strain origin

S. cerevisiae

Stbl3

Highlights

  • Can be used to propagate plasmids containing direct repeats, e.g. lentiviral, retroviral, and AAV vectors.
  • Efficient transformation with methylated genomic DNA as well as unmethylated DNA such as PCR product and cDNA.

Genotype

F λ- araC14 leuB6 Δ(gpt-proA)62 lacY1 glnX44 galK2 recA13 rpsL20(StrR) xylA5 mtl-1 thi-1 hsdS20(rB- mB-) Δ(mrr-hsdRMS-mcrBC)

Antibiotic resistance

Streptomycin

Strain origin

E. coli HB101 (a K-12 and E. coli B hybrid)

TOP10

Highlights

  • Suitable for gene expression from arabinose-inducible araBAD due to TOP10 strain’s arabinose metabolism deficiency.
  • Efficient transformation with unmethylated DNA such as PCR product and cDNA.
  • Can be used for blue/white screening.
  • Closely related to DH10B but is not protease deficient. These can be used for the same applications.

Genotype

F- mcrA Δ(mrr-hsdRMS-mcrBC) Φ80lacZΔM15 ΔlacX74 recA1 araD139 Δ(ara, leu)7697 galgalrpsL(StrRendA1 nupG

Antibiotic resistance

Streptomycin

Strain origin

E. coli K-12

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